Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. There has been very little medical research into pregnancies which occur in the context of prostitution, even though the associated health risks for mother and child, e. The aim of this study was to compile and summarize what is known inter- nationally about this topic and identify key points of support as part of a uniform standard of healthcare in pregnancy. There are no systematic studies on pregnancy risks in the context of sexual services. The Prostitute Protection Act provides only limited protection for affected women, and statutory maternity protection regulations also have little impact as they require a formal contract of employment which rarely exists even in the context of legal prostitution. The number of unreported cases is high. Nevertheless, there is little concrete data available on the probable health risks if these women become pregnant. The existing laws that should offer protection fall short of the mark. There is a need for more research into the future implementation of the Prostitute Protection Act which should focus on health counselling, health promotion and additional protective legislation. Low-threshold healthcare services offered in the context of prenatal care could be an opportunity to improve care. Key words: prostitution, Prostitute Protection Act, high-risk pregnancy, sexual violence, preterm birth. Einleitung Schwangerschaft im Kontext von Prostitution gehört zu den bisher kaum fokussierten Forschungsthemen der Frauenheilkunde, obwohl hier Gesundheitsrisiken bspw. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, den inter- nationalen Wissensstand zusammenzutragen, um Eckpunkte für die Gesundheitsförderung in Richtung eines einheitlichen Gesundheitsschutzniveaus in child prostituierte street hooker Schwangerschaft zu identifizieren. Ergebnisse Systematische Studien zu den Schwangerschaftsrisiken im Kontext sexueller Dienstleistungen fehlen. Wohl bestehen aber Erkenntnisse zu einzelnen gesundheitsgefährdenden Faktoren z. Die Möglichkeiten zum Schutz von Betroffenen im Rahmen des Prostituiertenschutzgesetzes sind begrenzt, auch die Wirkungen des gesetzlichen Mutterschutzes, da ein formales Dienstverhältnis Voraussetzung ist, das auch bei legalisierter Prostitution i. Die Dunkelziffer ist hoch. Dennoch fehlt konkretes Wissen zu den gesundheitlichen Gefährdungen im Fall einer Schwangerschaft. Bisherige Schutzregelungen greifen zu kurz. Forschungsbedarf besteht mit Blick auf die zukünftige Umsetzung des Prostituiertenschutzgesetzes bezüglich Gesundheitsberatung, -förderung und erweiterter Schutzregelungen. Chancen bieten niedrigschwellige Angebote im Rahmen der Schwangerenvorsorge. Schlüsselwörter: Prostitution, Prostituiertenschutzgesetz, Risikoschwangerschaft, sexuelle Gewalt, Frühgeburtlichkeit. There has been very little research into pregnancies which occur in the context of prostitution. However, a lot of information is available on factors and conditions which, taken individually or together, can have an unfavorable impact on the course of pregnancy and its outcome. Many of these factors are also typically found, to a greater or lesser degree, in the context of sexual services. They include, among other things, psychosocial stress and exposure to violence. The discussion around the Prostitute Protection Act ProstSchG in Germany 1 has focused attention on pregnancies and prostitution. What do we know, nationally or internationally, about pregnancies which occur in the context of prostitution? This study aimed to consider this question from a gynecological and socio-medical perspective with a special focus on the risks for the pregnancy and on the statutory protection offered to pregnant women. The goal was child prostituierte street hooker identify key principles which could promote the health of the mother and the child. This was all the more necessary in view of the fact that pregnancies which occur in the context of prostitution are not rare: in the study by Feldblum child prostituierte street hooker al. Duff et al. The question was whether it would be possible to quantify the specific risks for pregnancy arising from the increased risk of infection with HIV, HCV, HPV or bacterial infections, resulting from drug abuse or violent sexual intercourse. The study also wanted to answer the question whether there was any data on the possible correlation between frequent sexual intercourse in the context of prostitution and preterm birth and whether any studies had differentiated their findings according to the week of gestation. Using previously identified studies, the search was then expanded manually using Google and the websites of specialist journals, etc. An internet-based search was also carried out into legal regulations on sexual services. Another search was done into the legal and statutory regulations and provisions for maternity protection and social security benefits during pregnancy. Table 1 The search for data on pregnancies and pregnancy outcomes in the context of sexual services. The single-digit figure obtained in our search for scientific publications on the potential risks to pregnancy occurring in the context of providing sexual services point to the previous neglect of this topic in international research. There are no international studies investigating the impact of an adult woman providing sexual services while pregnant on the course and outcome of the pregnancy or the impact on the mother and child. Scientific research on this topic is urgently needed. There are only a few studies, child prostituierte street hooker of them from outside Germany, on girls under the age of 18 who are illegally groomed into offering sexual services, for example the study by Deisher et al. These studies describe an accumulation of risks which include lack of medical care, nutrition and social inclusion; violence; alcohol abuse; drug consumption; prescription drug abuse; and recurrent sexually transmitted diseases.
PLoS ONE 13 , e Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Juli in Kraft tritt, das u. Whereas a legal market offers the chance to influence working conditions, allows for controls and makes it easier to identify and support potential victims of sexual violence or coercion including trafficking. CrossRef Lambert ML, Torrico F, Billot C, Mazina D, Marleen B, Van der Stuyft P.
Background
Although moderate- to high-dose ionizing radiation. Exchange of money, employment, goods or services for sex, including favors or other forms of humiliating, degrading or exploitative behavior are prohibited. In this work semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were conducted with female street children aged 15 to 18, who were engaged in commercial sex. Prostitution, the provision of sexual services by adults, is generally legal in Austria. According to the current case law of the Supreme Court. Over one million European children undergo computed tomography (CT) scans annually.Mean follow-up was 7. Psycho- Soziale Faktoren beeinflussen Schwangerschaftsverlauf, Geburtskomplikationen und gehen auch in die Kaiserschnittraten ein Numbers were too small to derive risk estimates restricted to survivors exposed below age 20 and for NHL subgroups. Little, M. Are the studies on cancer risk from CT scans biased by indication? Infect Dis Poverty. CrossRef Kissin DM, Zapata L, Yorick R, Vinogradova EN, Volkova GV, Cherkassova E, Lynch A, Leigh J, Jamieson DJ, Marchbanks PA, Hillis S. Marin, J. Confounding of the association between radiation exposure from CT scans and risk of leukemia and brain tumors by cancer susceptibility syndromes. Lancet , — EPI-CT also evaluated risk using the revised World Health Organization WHO classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue malignancies 27 , We also fit an EAR model using the PEANUTS module of the EPICURE software version 2. Psycho- social factors affect the course of pregnancy, have an impact on birth complications and also influence the rate of cesarean sections Find articles by Elisabeth Simoes. When the legal status regarding the right of residence of a pregnant woman offering sexual services is unclear, this existential insecurity can have a negative impact on her mental health, in addition to the already existing high rate of mental health problems e. However, the absence of will and attention to detail is obvious from the fact that despite repeated promises basic, yet crucial, measures, such as creation of a much-publicised publicly available sex offender registry, have not been completed yet. This is precisely where there are significant deficits, not least because, increasingly, it is adults or, illegally, adolescents with an immigrant background who are becoming involved in prostitution, and most have insufficient language skills and little understanding of the German healthcare system. BEIR, VII Report, phase II. The commitment to more far-reaching healthcare policies is justified, not least by the fact that preterm birth is one of the most significant risk factors for neonatal mortality, morbidity and long-term disabilities. Möglicherweise vor diesem Hintergrund wird bislang ein generelles Arbeitsverbot für schwangere Prostituierte in Mitteleuropa sehr kontrovers diskutiert. A randomised controlled trial of a family-group cognitive-behavioural FGCB preventive intervention for the children of parents with depression: short-term effects on symptoms and possible mechanisms Open Access Research article. A dose-dependent increase in RR was also seen for leukemia excluding chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL in an analysis using previous classification for comparison with published estimates. The EPI-CT study is a large-scale multi-center study designed to directly estimate the risk of hematological malignancies associated with ionizing radiation exposure from CT examinations during childhood and young adulthood, aiming to address criticisms of previous studies related to dosimetry, statistical power and potential biases. Even though prostitution is a particularly precarious and exploitative field of work, many women consciously take the decision to make a living by selling sexual services. Die Frauen sind zusätzlich weiteren risikobehafteten Lebensumständen unterworfen. Selbst Unsicherheit zur sozioökonomischen Lage kann mit einer intrauterinen Mangelentwicklung des Kindes assoziiert sein 8. Dies geschieht vor dem Hintergrund, dass Schwangerschaften im Zusammenhang mit sexuellen Dienstleistungen nicht selten sind: So bestand nach Feldblum et al. Juli in Kraft tritt, das u. Conditions which commonly occur in the context of providing sexual services and their impact are discussed below, although the data does not only pertain to women who work as prostitutes. Über Amazon. Die potenziellen Schutzwirkungen des Mutterschutzgesetzes gehen deutlich über die Regelungen im Rahmen des Prostitutiertenschutzgesetzes hinaus Germany and part of France lacked information on mortality. Choonsik Lee, Steven L. Sozialhilfe ist nachrangig gegenüber sonstigen Einkommen bzw. Measures In order to develop ways to improve working conditions of sex service providers in Austria, an interdisciplinary group of experts headed by the Women's Department was established for the first time in June as part of the Task Force on Human Trafficking. Gegebenenfalls haben die werdenden Mütter dann Anspruch auf Vorsorgeangebote nach den Mutterschaftsrichtlinien des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses und Hilfen zur Mutterschaft nach dem Recht der jeweiligen Krankenkasse.
